Abstract Background Diversified crop systems provide several advantages for crop production and the agricultural ecosystem. In contrast, growing the same crop for consecutive years increases weeds, insects, and diseases issues, adding further cost to crop production owing to their management. Objective The objective was to evaluate the effects of six different winter cover crops and compare the impacts of a diversified rotation system in contrast to the succession system, combined with three different post-emergence herbicide management looking up to soybean yield, aboveground mass production, and weed density impact. Methods The experiment was performed over 2014 to 2018, using a randomized block design with four replications. Cover crop treatments were 1) fallow 2) wheat 3) rye 4) rye + turnip 5) rye + vetch 6) black oats. At the time of cover crop termination, weed density was counted and aboveground mass was measured. The crop rotation system was an alternated soybean and corn using three different post-emergence herbicide treatments, and the succession system was soybean each year. When a significant effect was observed after test F, the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) was applied to compare treatment effects. Results Rye + vetch as a cover crop, rotation system, and herbicide usage showed a higher impact on weed density. Rye + turnip has produced more aboveground biomass. Soybean yield was higher after wheat. Conclusions Cover crops implementation, crop rotation system, and herbicide usage have increased biomass production and crop yield, and reduced weed density showing integrated weed management as a key strategy for production systems.

ABSTRACT Global warming potential (GWP) of rice paddies depends on straw management. This study evaluated methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and soil C stocks to determine GWP and yield-scaled GWP under different strategies and intensities of rice straw management in a subtropical climate. We hypothesized that decreasing soil management intensity and straw incorporation in the soil would reduce GWP. Methane fluxes were substantially higher during the rice growing season than in the off-season, while the opposite was observed for N2O fluxes. The cumulative emissions of CH4 during the growing season among the straw management strategies evaluated ranged from 165.8 to 586.0 kg ha-1. Annual CH4 emissions were lower when soil and straw received some type of management compared to no-tillage. Daily N2O fluxes ranged from -2.8 to 201.7 g ha-1 day-1; cumulative N2O emissions during the off-season ranged from 455.2 to 2816.5 g ha-1. During the off-season, strategies to reduce N2O emissions include post-harvest straw incorporation using a disc harrow, winter straw removal, and ryegrass cropping. Soil organic C stocks ranged from 35.96 to 38.36 Mg ha-1. Straw management using a disc harrow reduced soil organic C stocks, with more adverse effects than straw removal. Soil and rice straw management did not affect rice grain yield, with an average of 10.4 Mg ha-1. Methane emissions were the main component of GWP in all straw management systems. The contribution of N2O emissions to GWP was small and mostly (>85 %) determined by off-season emissions. Yield-scaled GWP ranged from 0.64 to 1.06 Mg CO2eq Mg-1 yield and was lower when soil and straw management systems occurred shortly after the rice harvest. Our results indicate that soil and straw management immediately after rice harvest reduces CH4 emissions, GWP, and yield-scaled GWP.

RESUMO Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, com o objetivo de compilar e analisar a produção teórica a respeito da expressão da interdisciplinaridade nas práticas de cuidado em saúde mental. A coleta se deu entre os meses de maio e agosto de 2021, nas bases BVS, SciELO, Scopus, Google Acadêmico, OpenGrey e ProQuest, nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa, espanhola, francesa ou italiana. Com o uso da estratégia Spider, foram definidos: cenário, assunto de interesse, desenho, avaliação e tipo de pesquisa, permitindo apresentar o perfil bibliográfico dos registros; caracterizar as práticas e analisar as características da interdisciplinaridade no trabalho em saúde mental. As 43 produções que compuseram o corpus do estudo foram examinadas de maneira descritiva e por técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, discutidas à luz do referencial teórico da saúde coletiva. Identificaram-se quatro unidades temáticas: ‘conceito’, ‘operacionalidade’, ‘objetivo’ e ‘atributos’. Concluiu-se que existe esvaziamento teórico a respeito daquilo que caracteriza a interdisciplinaridade no cenário do trabalho em saúde mental; que a interdisciplinaridade representa oportunidade para superação do modelo biomédico de cuidado; e que existem limites e possibilidades para sua realização. Considera-se que trabalho em equipe, apoio matricial e educação permanente favorecem a atitude interdisciplinar.

ABSTRACT This is a qualitative research, built as an integrative review focused on compiling and analyzing information on the expression of interdisciplinarity in mental health care practices. Data collection took place between May and August 2021, in the BVS, SciELO, Scopus, Academic Google, OpenGrey, and ProQuest databases, in Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, or Italian. Using the SPIDER strategy, the following were defined: scenario, subject of interest, design, evaluation, and type of research, allowing the bibliographic profile of the records to be presented; characterizing the practices and analyze the characteristics of interdisciplinarity in mental health work. The 43 productions that made up the corpus of the study were analyzed descriptively and using thematic content analysis technique, discussed in the light of the theoretical framework of collective health. Four thematic units were identified: ‘concept’, ‘operationality’, ‘objective’, and ‘attributes’. It was concluded that there is a theoretical emptying regarding what characterizes interdisciplinarity in the mental health work scenario; that interdisciplinarity represents an opportunity to overcome the biomedical model of care; and that there are limits and possibilities for its realization. Teamwork, matrix support, and continuing education are considered to favor an interdisciplinary attitude.

Abstract This essay discusses constructs linked to the conceptions of health and illness and, in particular, ideas that influenced and still influence the notion of mental illness. Starting from a narrative literature review, different times and ideas are visited, which, in consonance, point out that productive processes, time, territory, political and symbolic situations, as well as health models, suggest the way to diagnose and intervene in diseases. The diagnostic attitude towards what is considered pathological or not reveals fundamental characteristics of societies and the forces that operate them and, by reaching the field of subjectivity, it is potentialized as a force capable of elevating or canceling the diversity contained in human existence.

Resumo Neste ensaio, discutem-se constructos ligados às concepções de saúde e doença e, em particular, a aspectos que influenciaram e influenciam a noção de adoecimento mental. Partindo de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, visitam-se diferentes tempos e ideias que, em consonância, apontam que processos produtivos, época, território, conjunturas políticas e simbólicas, assim como modelos sanitários, sugestionam a forma de se diagnosticar e intervir sobre doenças. A atitude diagnóstica diante daquilo que se considera ou não patológico revela características fundadoras das sociedades e das forças que as operam e, ao alcançar o campo da subjetividade, potencializa-se como força capaz de elevar ou anular a pluralidade contida na existência humana.

Resumo Neste ensaio, discutem-se constructos ligados às concepções de saúde e doença e, em particular, a aspectos que influenciaram e influenciam a noção de adoecimento mental. Partindo de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, visitam-se diferentes tempos e ideias que, em consonância, apontam que processos produtivos, época, território, conjunturas políticas e simbólicas, assim como modelos sanitários, sugestionam a forma de se diagnosticar e intervir sobre doenças. A atitude diagnóstica diante daquilo que se considera ou não patológico revela características fundadoras das sociedades e das forças que as operam e, ao alcançar o campo da subjetividade, potencializa-se como força capaz de elevar ou anular a pluralidade contida na existência humana.

Abstract This essay discusses constructs linked to the conceptions of health and illness and, in particular, ideas that influenced and still influence the notion of mental illness. Starting from a narrative literature review, different times and ideas are visited, which, in consonance, point out that productive processes, time, territory, political and symbolic situations, as well as health models, suggest the way to diagnose and intervene in diseases. The diagnostic attitude towards what is considered pathological or not reveals fundamental characteristics of societies and the forces that operate them and, by reaching the field of subjectivity, it is potentialized as a force capable of elevating or canceling the diversity contained in human existence.

ABSTRACT This is a qualitative research, built as an integrative review focused on compiling and analyzing information on the expression of interdisciplinarity in mental health care practices. Data collection took place between May and August 2021, in the BVS, SciELO, Scopus, Academic Google, OpenGrey, and ProQuest databases, in Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, or Italian. Using the SPIDER strategy, the following were defined: scenario, subject of interest, design, evaluation, and type of research, allowing the bibliographic profile of the records to be presented; characterizing the practices and analyze the characteristics of interdisciplinarity in mental health work. The 43 productions that made up the corpus of the study were analyzed descriptively and using thematic content analysis technique, discussed in the light of the theoretical framework of collective health. Four thematic units were identified: ‘concept’, ‘operationality’, ‘objective’, and ‘attributes’. It was concluded that there is a theoretical emptying regarding what characterizes interdisciplinarity in the mental health work scenario; that interdisciplinarity represents an opportunity to overcome the biomedical model of care; and that there are limits and possibilities for its realization. Teamwork, matrix support, and continuing education are considered to favor an interdisciplinary attitude.

RESUMO Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, com o objetivo de compilar e analisar a produção teórica a respeito da expressão da interdisciplinaridade nas práticas de cuidado em saúde mental. A coleta se deu entre os meses de maio e agosto de 2021, nas bases BVS, SciELO, Scopus, Google Acadêmico, OpenGrey e ProQuest, nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa, espanhola, francesa ou italiana. Com o uso da estratégia Spider, foram definidos: cenário, assunto de interesse, desenho, avaliação e tipo de pesquisa, permitindo apresentar o perfil bibliográfico dos registros; caracterizar as práticas e analisar as características da interdisciplinaridade no trabalho em saúde mental. As 43 produções que compuseram o corpus do estudo foram examinadas de maneira descritiva e por técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, discutidas à luz do referencial teórico da saúde coletiva. Identificaram-se quatro unidades temáticas: ‘conceito’, ‘operacionalidade’, ‘objetivo’ e ‘atributos’. Concluiu-se que existe esvaziamento teórico a respeito daquilo que caracteriza a interdisciplinaridade no cenário do trabalho em saúde mental; que a interdisciplinaridade representa oportunidade para superação do modelo biomédico de cuidado; e que existem limites e possibilidades para sua realização. Considera-se que trabalho em equipe, apoio matricial e educação permanente favorecem a atitude interdisciplinar.

Abstract RB985476 has a high tillering capacity, excellent canopy cover, high longevity, high agro-industrial yield, medium to low fiber content and high germination capacity after mechanical harvesting. RB985476 is resistant to smut, brown and orange rusts and recommended for harvest in the middle growing season in the south-central region of Brazil.

Abstract RB005014 was developed for the Brazilian central-south region, for harvesting between July and September and planting on soils that have moderate or higher fertility levels. It has high tillering, high sucrose yield, excellent ratooning ability after mechanical harvesting, resistance to the main diseases and carries the Bru1 gene of brown rust resistance.

Abstract The sugarcane varieties RB975201 and RB975242 were developed and released for harvest at the end of the season (late maturation) in the Central-South region of Brazil. In specific environments, these varieties were compared with commercial standards in sugar yield per area. They are resistant to major sugarcane diseases and present the Bru1 gene of resistance to brown rust.

RB975952 is an early maturing sugarcane cultivar released for the South-Central region of Brazil. It should be harvested between April and May, and it is recommended for planting in environments with medium to high production potential. RB975952 has high resistance levels to the main diseases of the crop, it also has a good shoot development after mechanical harvesting, and high sucrose yields.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de curto prazo e o residual de doses de xisto retortado (XR) sobre a retenção do C de resíduos culturais no solo. Foram avaliadas a mineralização e a retenção de C de folhas e talos de soja enriquecidos com 13C, em solo com e sem histórico de aplicação de XR e na presença e na ausência de doses crescentes de XR. Houve efeito de curto prazo do XR sobre a retenção de C no solo. Esse efeito ocorreu somente com a mistura de folhas + 3 Mg ha-1 de XR, em que a retenção de C no solo superou em 21% aquela observada com a aplicação isolada das folhas. O XR apresenta potencial de reter C no solo.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the short-term and the residual effect of retorted oil shale (ROS) rates on the C retention of crop residues in the soil. The mineralization and C retention of soybean leaves and stems enriched with 13C were evaluated, in soil with and without history of ROS application and in the presence and absence of increasing ROS rates. There was a short-term effect of ROS on C retention in the soil. This effect only occurred with the mixture of leaves + 3 Mg ha-1 ROS, in which C retention in the soil surpassed by 21% the one observed with the sole application of leaves. ROS has the potential to retain C in the soil.

OBJETIVO: A coluna vertebral é o local mais comum de metástases ósseas. Uma vez que a cura não pode ser obtida, o controle local e o alívio dos sintomas é a base do tratamento, sendo este fundamentado no uso de radioterapia convencional. Recentemente, a radiocirurgia espinhal foi proposta para o controle local das metástases na coluna, seja como tratamento primário ou de resgate. Dessa forma, realizamos uma revisão da literatura para analisar as indicações, a eficácia e a segurança da radiocirurgia no tratamento das metástases da coluna. MÉTODOS: A revisão de literatura foi realizada no portal PubMed - dados da biblioteca MEDLINE, sobre os estudos relacionados ao uso da radiocirurgia no tratamento para metástases ósseas na coluna vertebral. Os estudos foram revisados por todos os autores e classificados quanto ao nível de evidência, utilizando critério definido por Wright. RESULTADOS: As indicações encontradas para radiocirurgia foram: controle primário de metástases epidurais (nível II de evidência), mieloma (nível III) e metástases sabidamente pouco responsivas à radioterapia convencional - melanoma e carcinoma de células renais - (nível III). A radiocirurgia espinhal também foi proposta para o tratamento de resgate após falha da radioterapia convencional (nível II). Existe ainda alguma evidência quanto à segurança e a eficácia da radiocirurgia em casos de tumores metastáticos intradurais extramedulares e intramedulares (nível III), e após cirurgias de descompressão e estabilização da coluna. CONCLUSÃO: A radiocirurgia, portanto, pode ser usada no tratamento primário ou de resgate de metástases espinhais, melhorando o controle local da doença e dos sintomas dos pacientes. Deve ainda ser considerada como tratamento inicial para tumores radiorresistentes, como melanoma e carcinoma de células renais.

OBJECTIVE: The spine is the most common location for bone metastases. Since cure is not possible, local control and relief of symptoms is the basis for treatment, which is grounded on the use of conventional radiotherapy. Recently, spinal radiosurgery has been proposed for the local control of spinal metastases, whether as primary or salvage treatment. Consequently, we carried out a literature review in order to analyze the indications, efficacy, and safety of radiosurgery in the treatment of spinal metastases. METHODS: We havereviewed the literature using the PubMed gateway with data from the MEDLINE library on studies related to the use of radiosurgery in treatment of bone metastases in spine. The studies were reviewed by all the authors and classified as to level of evidence, using the criterion defined by Wright. RESULTS: The indications found for radiosurgery were primary control of epidural metastases (evidence level II), myeloma (level III), and metastases known to be poor responders to conventional radiotherapy - melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (level III). Spinal radiosurgery was also proposed for salvage treatment after conventional radiotherapy (level II). There is also some evidence as to the safety and efficacy of radiosurgery in cases of extramedullar and intramedullar intradural metastatic tumors (level III) and after spinal decompression and stabilization surgery. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery can be used in primary or salvage treatment of spinal metastases, improving local disease control and patient symptoms. It should also be considered as initial treatment for radioresistant tumors, such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar clones de cana-de-açúcar produtivos, com boa estabilidade e adaptabilidade no estado de São Paulo e, também, identificar locais mais representativos para seleção e experimentação. Foram avaliados dez clones e duas testemunhas comerciais de maturação média-tardia em primeira soca de experimentos colhidos em agosto de 2009, utilizando o método de regressão bissegmentada e análise AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis). Os resultados dos dois métodos foram comparados e evidenciaram que os clones RB975201, RB975157, RB975932, RB975242 e RB975162 foram os mais promissores devido à produtividade superior à das testemunhas, a alta estabilidade verificada em um ou nos dois métodos e a adaptabilidade ampla ou específica. O ambiente Tarumã apresentou maior estabilidade e capacidade de discriminação entre os genótipos, o que permite um ordenamento mais confiável em relação à média geral dos ambientes testados.

The objective of this study was to identify clones of sugarcane with good stability and adaptability in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and also identifying locations most representative for selection and experimentation. Ten clones and two commercial checks of medium-late maturation were evaluated in the first-ratoon of experiments harvested in August 2009, using bissegmented regression and AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis) methods. The results of two methods were compared and they evidenced that the clones RB975201, RB975157, RB975932, RB975242 and RB975162 are the most promising, showing higher production when compared to the checks, higher stability observed in one or both statistical methods and broader or more specific adaptability. The environment Tarumã presented higher stability and capacity to discriminate genotypes, allowing an ordering more reliable as compared to the overall mean of the environments tested.

Foram avaliadas características do sistema radicular (pré e pós-pastejo) dos capins aruana e tanzânia submetidos a doses de nitrogênio (150 e 300 kg ha-1 de N) e pastejados por ovinos em lotação rotacionada com três a sete dias de pastejo e período de descanso variável. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados (dois) com duas repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (parcelas =capins e subparcelas=doses de N) e medidas repetidas no tempo. No pré-pastejo, o capim-tanzânia, na média entre doses de N e períodos de pastejo, apresentou maior quantidade de massa seca da matéria orgânica (MSMO) (1,7 mg cm-3 de solo) que o capim-aruana (1,2 mg cm-3 de solo), além de maior comprimento de raízes (119,1 cm cm-3 de solo e 68,7 cm cm-3 de solo, respectivamente). A dose de 300 kg ha-1 de N contribuiu para maior comprimento do sistema radicular (107,1 cm cm-3 de solo) que a dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N (80,7 cm cm-3 de solo). O crescimento radicular pós-pastejo demonstrou similaridade de comportamento entre as variáveis mensuradas, de modo que o crescimento de raízes se tornou mais evidente após a segunda semana de rebrotação. Na média de capins, doses de N e idades de crescimento, no período equivalente ao outono/inverno, o crescimento de raízes (em MSMO foi de 3,9 mg 100 cm-3) aumentou para 12,9 mg 100 cm-3 no inverno, caiu para 4,7 mg 100 cm-3 na primavera e elevou novamente para 17 mg 100 cm-3 no verão. Comportamento semelhante foi observado para comprimento e superfície de raízes, coincidindo os períodos de maior crescimento com os de maior pluviosidade. A dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N promoveu maior crescimento em comprimento e superfície de raízes que a dose de 300 kg ha-1 de N nos períodos de maior pluviosidade.

The root system (pre and post grazing) characteristics of aruanagrass and tanzaniagrass under two nitrogen rates (150 and 300 kg ha-1 N year) grazed by sheep in variable rotational stocking (three to seven grazing days) and variable rest period were evaluated in this study. The treatments were assigned to a complete randomized block (two) design with two replicates (plots = grasses and split-plots = nitrogen rates)within repeated measures. In the pre-grazing tanzaniagrass, averages within nitrogen rates and grazing period showed higher amount of dry matter of organic matter (DMOM) (1.7 mg cm-3 of soil) than aruanagrass (1.2 mg cm-3 of soil) and greater root length (119.1 cm cm-3 of soil x 68.7 cm cm-3 of soil). The 300 kg ha-1 N rate contributed to a higher root system length (107.1 cm cm-3 of soil) than the 150 kg ha-1 N rate (80.7 cm cm-3 of soil). Post-grazing root growth showed similar behavior among the variables measured and was more evident after the second regrowth week. Considering averages within grasses, nitrogen rates and growth age, in the period equivalent to Autumn/Winter, the DMOM growth root was of 3.9 mg 100 cm-3, increased by 12.9 mg 100 cm-3 in Winter, decreased by 4.7 mg 100 cm-3 from Winter to Spring, and increased by 17 mg 100 cm-3 on Summer. Similar behavior for both root length and surface was observed, when the periods with higher growth coincided with the ones with higher rainfall. The 150 kg ha-1 N rate promoted higher length and surface than the 300 kg ha-1 N in the periods with higher rainfall.